Madrid

Madrid

Madrid (Spanish: Madrid) - continued Islamic renamed Arabic -mejry Algeled- and then turned to -mejrat [citation needed] the capital of the Kingdom of Spain and its largest city [1] has a population of 3.2 million inhabitants (January 2011), and up the population with the suburbs to 6.54 million people. Area of ​​the city 607 square kilometers (234 sq mi). [2] The city on the banks of the Manzanares River and is located in the center of Spain, Madrid is considered the fourth largest city in the European Union after Paris and London and Berlin. The headquarters of the Spanish government and the royal family and the country's most important companies and six public universities and many other higher education institutions. Madrid is considered one of the most important cities of Europe strategically, culturally and economically. It is the fourth largest city in terms of the number of tourists in Europe and the first in Spain and the total number of tourists who host city of nearly seven million tourists in 2006. It is the World Organization for International Tourism Exhibition headquarters and Tourism (FITUR).

It also includes the city Museo del Prado and Real Madrid soccer famous, as well as the seat of government, and the parliament of Spain, and the ministries, institutions and agencies, and how the official residence of the kings of Spain. [3] and Mayor Anna Botaaa centrist People's Party, the right of the party in the office of 2011.

Because of economic output, and standard of living, and market size, Madrid is considered a major financial center in the Iberian Peninsula, as found by the main headquarters for the vast majority of the largest Spanish companies, additional to that Madrid is the headquarters of the three major companies of the 100 largest companies in the world (Telefonica, Repsol - YPF, Endesa). [4]

Madrid possesses a modern infrastructure, has maintained the look and feel of many of the historic neighborhoods and streets. Madrid landmarks include the huge Royal Palace of Madrid and the Teatro Real (Royal Theatre) 1850 Opera House and Garden Bowen Retiro - founded in 1631 - and the library Aloutnah- which was founded in 1712 - and a group of historical archives in Spain. And three Museums of Art: Prado Museum, which contains one of the finest art collections in the world, and the National Museum of Queen Sofia Trade Center, and the Museum of Modern - Madrid Art, and the Museum Thyssen-Bornmistha. [5]

Madrid are located in the heart of Spain in the historical region of Castile and located the Sierra de Guadarama mountain range in the north west of the city, rising up the mountains of the Sierra de Guadarama to 2.429 meters above sea level in Benyyalara summit. And on the east valley Henares, through which the land routes and railways linking Madrid and Barcelona, ​​Zaragoza. And 50 km south of Madrid almost no ancient capital of the Kingdom of Castile and the mother city of Madrid is the city of Toledo.

Etymology

There are several theories as to why the origin of the name "Madrid". According to legend, the foundations of Madrid is Oknu Bijanor Ocno Bianor son of King Tarios Tyrrhenius of Tuscany, and the city of Mantua was Mitrokhirta "Metragirta" or "Mantua" name.

Some are likely to be the original name of the city Oursaraa "Ursaria" ("land of bears" in Latin), the high number of bears in the neighboring forests, tree with berries (in Spanish: madroño, Madru), symbol of the city from the Middle Ages. [6]

Now known that the origin of the name Madrid came from the second century BC, and was built in Romania Empire settlement on the banks of the Manzanares River. The first name of the village was matress "Matrice" the name of the river. After the invasions of Alsoyves Vandals and Teutons, and Alans during the fifth century AD, the Romanian Empire was unable to defend its territory in the Iberian Peninsula, and therefore dominated by Guth Western | Western Jawt.

Iberian and change the name Mejrat, from the Arabic term for the course and Roman Ibero-Oat sense of "place". Name the modern "Madrid" evolved from Madrid Almzarba Metrat Mozarabic "Matrit."In the seventh century, Muslims dominated the peninsula

History

Madrid is considered compared with other European capitals recent City, where traces its foundation to between 852 and 886 when ordered Muhammad first Emir of Cordoba built a small palace is located in the place of the royal palace present in Madrid, and this is the first historical record of the existence of stability in Madrid history of Islamic period. [7] and was founded for the purpose of making it a staging ground for raids against the Christian kingdoms in the north.

The surrounding area was named the "Mejrat" any sewer or water source. The place was inhabited by Muslims, a minority of Jews and Christians, and during this period the back of the mixing between the two Asami very similar places: European, matrice, meaning 'source', and other Arab, Majrà, meaning 'channel' or from the river. Both names refer to the abundance of streams and groundwater at the site.

Born in Madrid in the tenth century Muslim Abu al-Qasim bin Ahmed Elmejraiti who earned the nickname "Euclid Andalusian", the founder of astronomy and mathematics in Cordoba School. [8]

The transfer of the Spanish State Parliament in 1561, and later the residence of the king in 1588 from the city of Toledo to Madrid by Philip II. Madrid then considered the capital of Spain and began to grow and rise to take its place as the most important city in the country. Between 1701 and 1713 broke the Spanish Succession Wars, in which several European parties disputed rule on the eligibility of Spain after the death of King Charles II of Spain. Which dominated the British and Portuguese on the city in 1706 as the French dominated the Madrid between 1808 and 1813, while at the time of Joseph brother of Napoleon Bonaparte declared the king of Spain. The French demolished a number of churches and even entire neighborhoods of Madrid to impose their authority and to find a place to Mnciathm. The people of Madrid rebelled in the May 2, 1808 against the occupier and right after that most of the large Spanish cities. Crashes shops and official departments now in Madrid on this day to commemorate the revolution.

Between 1833 and 1876 broke Castilian wars and contributed to a cholera epidemic and the elimination of many of the residents of Madrid in the same period. First Republic in the country in the city, announced in 1873 by the dictator Emilio Castellar and later in 1923 by Gen. [Miguel Primo de Rivera. Announced the Second Republic in Madrid April 14, 1931. broke the Spanish Civil War between 1936 and 1939 Madrid where under Republican control until March 28, 1939. It was contributed German and Italian warplanes to bomb it widely during the war, where he was the two countries support the nationalists led by General Franco against Republicans . Franco was able to impose its control over the city and the country, and he reigned until 1975 and Madrid in this period witnessed significant growth. Workers and students organized a series of strikes in the late sixties and early seventies.

Order Franco things after his death for the return of democratic life and the inauguration of King Juan Carlos I on the throne of the country, and actually it was in 1975 when Franco died. Some military officers organized a military coup called (23-P) in the February 23, 1981, which threatened to re-democratization of the political system of the Spanish process but soon things coup failed and returned to the course. Madrid announced in 1992 as the cultural capital of Europe.